Archetype vs. Prototype

Archetype vs. Prototype Archetype vs. Prototype Archetype vs. Prototype By Mark Nichol What’s your type? Archetype and prototype are both suitable matches for referring to an exemplar and then there’s stereotype but among their senses are both similar and dissimilar meanings. Before we go into details, let’s look at the root word: Type (from the Latin term typus, â€Å"image,† ultimately derived from the Greek word typos, â€Å"impression†) is defined as â€Å"a model,† â€Å"a distinctive sign,† â€Å"a set of distinguishable qualities.† Idiomatic usage for the word includes â€Å"type A personality† (indicating a high-strung person, based on popular perception of a discredited psychological theory), â€Å"casting against type† (referring to when performers are selected for roles they don’t superficially seem suited for), and â€Å"not my type† (dismissal of another person because of personal incompatibility). In two senses, archetype and prototype are direct synonyms: They both mean â€Å"original pattern or model,† or â€Å"perfect example.† However, archetype (Latin, archetypum; Greek, arkhetypon), which literally means â€Å"first model,† also refers to C. J. Jung’s concept of an idea or image from the collective subconscious; it has a more intellectual connotation. The prefix arch- denotes the most accomplished or high ranking of a type (archrival, archvillain), as does the suffix -arch (patriarch, hierarch); -archy is the basis for terms describing a system of government (monarchy) or an organizational scheme (hierarchy). Interestingly, because the prefix was so often employed, as in the examples above, to describe a nefarious person, arch acquired an adjectival sense of â€Å"mischievous, impudent.† (The arch in, well, arch, referring to a structural member, has a different etymology and is akin to arc.) Prototype has the same literal meaning, but its primary sense is more utilitarian, referring to a standard configuration, the initial model of a constructed object, or an earlier version of an organism or a device. The proto- prefix is relatively obscure, occurring mostly in scientific terminology (protoplasm, â€Å"beginning molding,† and protozoa, â€Å"beginning animal,† are examples of its use most familiar to laypeople); the root word, as an integral part of a larger term rather than as a suffix, appears in protocol (from a Greek term meaning â€Å"first sheet,† referring to a code or convention dictating proper procedure). Stereotype means â€Å"something that matches a fixed or universal pattern,† but unlike the other terms, it usually has a negative connotation: It refers to an idea, carelessly formed based on ignorance or bigotry, that one class of people generally understands to be, well, typical of another class. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 English Grammar Rules You Should Know10 Techniques for More Precise WritingEmpathic or Empathetic?

Free Essays on My Accident

March 24, 1994 is a day that I will never forget. I had stopped at the 82nd Street Cafà © about 3:30 in the afternoon, here in Lubbock, to have a late lunch. I left the cafà © about 4:00, to head home. Leaving the parking lot was difficult due to all the traffic that was on 82nd street. Finally, I was able to pull out into 82nd and work my way into the turning lane in order to turn left. I had almost my entire car into the turning lane when suddenly my car had spun around and I was facing the cafà © that I had just left. Not knowing at first what had happened, I finally realized that I had been in an accident. A tall, slender, young man appeared, and said, â€Å"I have called the ambulance and they are on the way.† I realized that this was the young man that had just waited on me in the cafà ©. A woman came from a barber shop across the street came to see if I was okay. The women was middle aged and had light brown hair, she was very motherly and soft spoken. She asked, â€Å"Are you alright?† I was not sure if I was alright but I said to her, â€Å"My head hurts a little.† She told me that she would go and get a cool wet towel, and for me not to move. The lady returned, she had brought me a wet towel and also a phone. She asked, â€Å"Do you need me to call someone for you to let them know what had happened?† I replied, â€Å"Would you please call my dad and let him know to meet me at UMC hospital.† As she was calling my dad the ambulance finally arrived. It seemed to have taken them a long time to get through the traffic. As one of the EMTs approached me, he noticed that I was holding a towel to my head. When he reached my car he asked if I hurt anywhere else besides my head. I told him not that I know of. I also explained to him that I was eleven weeks pregnant. The EMT was very polite and understanding, and I was placed on a gurney and wheeled to the ambulance. I noticed that they had placed another woman in the ambulance before me... Free Essays on My Accident Free Essays on My Accident March 24, 1994 is a day that I will never forget. I had stopped at the 82nd Street Cafà © about 3:30 in the afternoon, here in Lubbock, to have a late lunch. I left the cafà © about 4:00, to head home. Leaving the parking lot was difficult due to all the traffic that was on 82nd street. Finally, I was able to pull out into 82nd and work my way into the turning lane in order to turn left. I had almost my entire car into the turning lane when suddenly my car had spun around and I was facing the cafà © that I had just left. Not knowing at first what had happened, I finally realized that I had been in an accident. A tall, slender, young man appeared, and said, â€Å"I have called the ambulance and they are on the way.† I realized that this was the young man that had just waited on me in the cafà ©. A woman came from a barber shop across the street came to see if I was okay. The women was middle aged and had light brown hair, she was very motherly and soft spoken. She asked, â€Å"Are you alright?† I was not sure if I was alright but I said to her, â€Å"My head hurts a little.† She told me that she would go and get a cool wet towel, and for me not to move. The lady returned, she had brought me a wet towel and also a phone. She asked, â€Å"Do you need me to call someone for you to let them know what had happened?† I replied, â€Å"Would you please call my dad and let him know to meet me at UMC hospital.† As she was calling my dad the ambulance finally arrived. It seemed to have taken them a long time to get through the traffic. As one of the EMTs approached me, he noticed that I was holding a towel to my head. When he reached my car he asked if I hurt anywhere else besides my head. I told him not that I know of. I also explained to him that I was eleven weeks pregnant. The EMT was very polite and understanding, and I was placed on a gurney and wheeled to the ambulance. I noticed that they had placed another woman in the ambulance before me...

Analysis of Strategic Leadership Qualities Needed In Modern Dissertation

Analysis of Strategic Leadership Qualities Needed In Modern Organisations - Dissertation Example So at times, the leader would have a coaching style while at other times there would be a commanding style. Kelly (2000) argues that while leaders are free to adopt styles as per the situation, however, the leader would have one dominant style that would force all interactions. Some even though a leader would shift between visionary styles or pace setting style, the leader would ultimately be following the dominant style. The gap in the literature is that the desired qualities in a leader are not apparent. The subject of strategic leadership in organisations has been discussed in a number of publications (Boal, 2000), (Crossan, 2008), (Daily, 2002). Strategic leadership is about the quality of leadership in providing a direction for a planned and strategic direction for the growth of a firm. The focus is on adopting a growth plan that has a fully reasoned and logically structured growth plan. A strategic leader would be planning the organisation activities. The leadership is predicti ve and this means that the actions taken by the organisation are planned to meet the stimulus from the market forces. The actions are not reactive in the sense that the organisation would not be pulled in all directions by the market forces. A strategic leader would play many roles, that of a friend, mentor, guide, disciple, critic, detractor and well-wisher. Crossan (2008) speaks of five features that strategic leader should demonstrate. It is assumed that a leader who manages these five qualities will have the ability to achieve the business objectives. The five lessons are creating organisation wealth, bringing in a culture of innovation, leveraging the present to focus on the future; leading teams with a vision and inspiration and relying more on personal charisma and... This essay stresses that Strategic leadership is about the quality of leadership in providing a direction for a planned and strategic direction for the growth of a firm. The focus is on adopting a growth plan that has a fully reasoned and logically structured growth plan. A strategic leader would be planning the organisation activities. The leadership is predictive and this means that the actions taken by the organisation are planned to meet the stimulus from the market forces. The actions are not reactive in the sense that the organisation would not be pulled in all directions by the market forces. A strategic leader would play many roles, that of a friend, mentor, guide, disciple, critic, detractor and well-wisher. This paper makes a conclusion that a combination of literature review and primary research will be used. For the primary research, a survey instrument will be designed and administered to top managers of medium and large organisations in UK. These leaders would be approached through the college department and the cooperation of the managers will be requested. Contact will be made by calling up personally and through emails. The replies will be assessed and the results analysed. The difficulties anticipated are that these managers would not be willing or have the time to cooperate. The author of this paper will persist in his efforts to elicit responses. Secondary research will be performed by reviewing peer reviewed Journals and books on strategic leadership.

Psychological Contracts Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Psychological Contracts Paper - Essay Example Psychological contract is a term used to refer to the mutual relationship existing between organization and its employee in terms of reciprocal obligations and promises implied in the employment relationship. It is good to understand that these contracts fall under the category of promissory contracts. On the other hand, this mutual understanding is mainly subjective to person’s perceptual and cognitive limits. This contract comes into effect the moment when the physical i.e. employment offer contract is signed. It is worth noting that obligations under psychological contract unlike the physical contract are not signed rather they are implied. These obligations are merely promises and expectations. Thus, in general terms this contract refers to the mutual perceptions, beliefs and imprecise or informal responsibilities between an employee and an employer. Psychological contracts due to them being subject to emotional and social factors they are usually changeable in nature unli ke the physical employment contracts (Makin, Cooper & Cox1996 pp 3-6). Types of Psychological Contracts There are usually three types of psychological contracts. ... Finally, we have the the â€Å"hybrid† or balanced form of psychological contract which entails aspects of the two mentioned above contracts i.e. relational characteristics such as long-term mutual committments and also the transactional attributes such as the renegotiations and job roles and functions. Nature of Psychological Contracts These contracts are assumed dynamic, informal, voluntary and subjective in nature. They change in line with the changes occurring in relationship and expectations of both the employer and employee. There is usually no tangible agreement or contract; however, the following are deemed the obligations and components of this contract; The employees are anticipated to offer hard work, loyalty and commitment, or sacrifice while in employment. The organization is required to provide high pay, advancement, training and development, and job security Features of psychological Contracts a) It is a voluntary choice: A psychological contract is entered into voluntarily by the employee, afterwhich he will be motivated/obligated to fulfill his commitments to the employers organisation. b) There usually is a belief in mutual agreement: These psychological contract are based largely on the employee perceptions and understanding of the terms and conditions. Consequently, the employee offers his/her services relying on the pressumpton that the contract was mutually agreed upon in total disregard of the reality. c) Psychological contracts are Incomplete. These contracts evolve and change over the relation and period of employment unlike the physical contracts which are usually complete at the beggining of employment. d) Multiple

Biomedical Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Biomedical Ethics - Essay Example Each person has different perspectives on what their life should be. Each person has their own sense of moral responsibility. However, most of society generally does not condone the taking of another’s life. In conclusion, I will discuss the reasons why society should also consider the effects of Euthanasia or PAS on both the patient and those requested to help out before making a response to such requests. In laymen’s terms, Euthanasia is mercy killing; that is, a person, usually a physician, lets or causes a patient to die as a sign of mercy. Euthanasia can be passive, if no act was done since death is inevitable, or active, if an act was done to cause death. It can also be voluntary or involuntary, depending on the patient’s cognitive & decision-making skills. Physician Assisted Suicide, on the other hand, is different since the patient does the act, not the physician. The latter just supplies the patient with what he needs for the deed. In all cases, there are always 2 major roles – the one who is killed & the one who does the killing. Pro-life advocates look down on euthanasia, saying it is morally wrong for a physician to kill or let people die if saving them can be done. Supporters of Euthanasia say that it would be morally wrong not to do it since it is just right to grant a person his death if he so wishes. How can we tell if an ailing person’s life needs to end? Does it suffice when the patient says he doesn’t consider his life worth living; that for him death is a better alternative to living? A key component of the debate on euthanasia is the patient’s ability for self-determination. As Callahan (2002) puts it, â€Å"the self-determination in that case can only be effected by the moral and physical assistance of another. Euthanasia is thus no longer a matter only of self-determination†¦Ã¢â‚¬  There is something morally wrong in allowing one person to decide another’s fate. It also seems immoral for a person to be that

Reflective Essay on Coping with Stress

Reflective Essay on Coping with Stress Psychology can be defined as the study of behavior as well as mind, embracing all aspects of the entire human experience. In other words, it is an applied science discipline that seeks to understand humans along with groups by ascertaining general principles as well as researching specific cases. On the other hand, psychological adjustment is the process of adapting to, coping with, as well as managing the emerging challenges of the daily life. Adjusting to your life in terms of subjective well-being, Subjective well-being is an individuals perceptions as well as self-adjustments of health and well-being (Webb Wills, 2012). It entails a persons feeling of happiness and life satisfaction. With regard to my life, I can say that I am satisfied with my subjective well-being. However, since I am a veteran, I think that the veterans administration needs to be more attentive when it comes to veterans healthcare for me to be extremely satisfied with this adjustment facet. Context on its part is the historical, social, economic, and cultural factors as well as settings that influence our lives. I am able to adjust to different contexts effectively and for that case; everything I think, say, and do is often colored by where I come from, whom I am with, and what is happening at the moment. Besides, diversity entails different cultures and ethnic settings. On this part, I am culturally competent, and therefore I can adjust well in diverse settings. Balancing Priorities Balancing my priorities, specifically with home, work, school, recreation, and / or family has to be an ongoing plan. I am a student and at the same time, set aside time for working in order to pay my bills. I also need enough time for my family alongside recreation. All this might not be possible, with the limited resources in our disposal. To that effect, I have an effective work-life balance that adequately enables me to follow my daily schedule according to plan. In this case, I ensure that I give attention to my most pressing needs and demands at home, work, school, and even recreation. Of course I give more attention to work and school since these priorities are so fundamental to my prospective economic stability. However, each day I must devote my free time to my family and for recreation activities in order to keep fit. Developing Identity I develop my identity by raising my self-esteem along with establishing a unique self-concept that enables me to stand out in different ethnic platforms.ÂÂ   In review, self-esteem is a judgment of oneself as well as an attitude towards the self, whereby; it reflects an individuals subjective emotional evaluation of his/her own worth (Fennell, 2009). I have been able to develop my self-esteem effectively through constant practice. In addition, self-concept is the sense of being distinct and separate from others as well as the persistency of the self. Here, I have fully developed myself concept by having my own unique way of doing things. I always come out with thought provoking ideas that are based on my own analysis and perception of life, something that helps me develop my self-concept. Ethnicity is often rooted in cultural heritage, race, nationality, language, and religion. I often adjust to different ethnic groups by being culturally competent. Coping with Stress Stress is a reaction to a stimulus that distracts an individuals physical or mental equilibrium (Tummers, 2013). I often cope with stress by engaging in relaxing activities, or practicing calming techniques, that help to manage my stress and improve my overall coping. Besides, among my coping strategies include; being proactive, following my interests, and seeking out peer support from others that I am loved and cared for, esteemed and valued (Taylor, 2003). Improving my social skills, asking for help, and always learning from mistakes. When its all said and done, I do believe that I have a more optimistic outlook on life to a point, but not over exaggerated. References Fennell, M. J. V. (2009). Overcoming low self-esteem: A self-help guide using Cognitive Behavioural Techniques. Australia: Accessible Publishing Systems. Tummers, N. (2013). Stress management: A wellness approach. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Taylor, S(2003). Social psychology (11th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall Webb, D., Wills, H. E. (2012). Subjective well-being and security. Dordrecht: Springer.

Character Analysis of Blanche DuBois in Tennessee Williams A Streetcar

Character Analysis of Blanche Through Text and Symbolism in A Streetcar Named Desire      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tennessee Williams was once quoted as saying "Symbols are nothing but the natural speech of drama...the purest language of plays" (Adler 30). This is clearly evident in A Streetcar Named Desire, one of Williams's many plays. In analyzing the main character of the story, Blanche DuBois, it is crucial to use both the literal text as well as the symbols of the story to get a complete and thorough understanding of her.    Before one can understand Blanche's character, one must understand the reason why she moved to New Orleans and joined her sister, Stella, and brother-in-law, Stanley. By analyzing the symbolism in the first scene, one can understand what prompted Blanche to move. Her appearance in the first scene "suggests a moth" (Williams 96). In literature, a moth represents the soul. So it is possible to see her entire voyage as the journey of her soul (Quirino 63). Later in the same scene she describes her voyage: "They told me to take a streetcar named Desire, and then transfer to one called Cemeteries and ride six blocks and get off at Elysian Fields" (Quirino 63). Taken literally this does not seem to add much to the story. However, if one investigates Blanche's past, one can truly understand what this quotation symbolizes. Blanche left her home to join her sister, because her life was a miserable wreck in her former place of residence. She admits, at one point in the story, that "after the d eath of Allan (her husband) intimacies with strangers was all I seemed able to fill my empty heart with" (Williams 178). She had sexual relations with anyone who would agree to it. This is the first step in her voyage-"Desire". She ... ...n. Boston: Twayne, 1990. Corrigan, Mary Ann. â€Å"Memory, Dream, and Myth in the Plays of Tennessee Williams.† Dialogue in American Drama. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1971. Engle, Paul. "A Locomotive Named Reality," The New Republic, CXXXII (Jan. 24, 1955), 26, 27. Falk, Signi. Tennessee Williams. Grosset & Dunlap, Inc. New York, 1961. Jackson, Esther M. The Broken World of Tennessee Williams.   Madison and Milwaukee: University of Wisconsin, 1965. Quirino, Leonard. â€Å"The Cards Indicate a Voyage on A Streetcar Named Desire.† Modern Critical Interpretations: A Streetcar Named Desire. Ed. Harold Bloom. Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 1988. Vowles, Richard B. "Tennessee Williams: The World of His Imagery," Tulane Drama Review, III (Dec., 1958), 51-56. Williams, Tennessee. A Streetcar Named Desire. New York: Viking Penguin, 1976.